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I 


WORLD HISTORY 


(J_b 


MYTH AND LEGEND 


BY 

MARA L. PRATT CHADWICK 

Author of “ American History Stories f “ People and Places Here and There? 

Etc., Etc. 


ILLUSTRATED 


EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY 

BOSTON 

New York Chicago San Francisco 


1 




LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Cooies Received 


MAR 14 906 


« Copy riant entry 

q. KjoL 

CLASS CL XXc, No, 
COPY B. 



Copyrighted 

By EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY 
1906 






% 































CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

The Story of the Creation .... 

7 

Bible Story of the Creation . 

14 

The Flood ....... 

2 1 

The Greek Story of the Creation of Man 

3i 

The First Woman ..... 

35 

The Flood ....... 

• 39 

The Norse Story of the Creation 

45 

The Coming of the Sunlight . . . . 

- 5 7 

The Clouds ....... 

65 

The Drought . 

. 69 

The Seasons ...... 

75 

The Seasons in the North . . . . 

. 87 

The Coming of the Winds .... 

97 

The Thunder and the Lightning 

• 1 13 

Storms at Sea ...... 

123 

The Queen of Night . 

• i33 

The Stars ....... 

143 

Vocabulary ....... 

. 154 


4 






WORLD HISTORY 

In Myth and Legend. 


THE STORY OF THE CREATION. 

It was long, long ago that this great, round, 
beautiful world of ours was made. 

First, so we are told, it was a great molten 
mass of fire. It revolved round and round in 
space, just as it does to-day, and by and by a 
crust formed on the outside. This crust went 
on thickening for thousands and thousands of 
years. Then it grew cool, and plants and 
grasses and trees came to live upon this round 
globe which we call our earth. 


7 


8 


WORLD HISTORY. 


In the early days people did not know the 
true shape of the earth as we do now. Some 
people thought the earth must be made like a 
table, upheld by columns. “ It must be upheld 
by something,” they said : “ else it would fall.” 



The above picture shows the earth as these 
people supposed it to be. 

Others thought the earth must be a flat 
disc. They thought that it floated upon the 
waters, somewhat as a lily pad floats upon the 


WORLD HT STORY. 


8 


waters of the pond. This disc, they believed, 
had long roots reaching down into the waters, 
and these roots helped to keep the earth steady 
and in place. This is a picture of the earth 
with its roots : — 



THE EARTH WITH ROOTS. 


There were still other early people who 
taught that the earth was a big hemisphere 
resting upon the backs of elephants. These 
elephants stood upon the back of a huge tor- 
toise. On the next page is a picture of the 
world as these men imagined it. 


10 


WORLD HISTORY. 



There were other people who believed that 
the earth was a great cube. And others still, 
taught that it was a great mountain so sur- 
rounded by water that people could live only 
on the top of it. 

But all these ideas w$ now know were not 
true. The earth is a great round ball whirling 
round and round through space. 

After the crust of the earth had cooled and 
hardened, and thousands and thousands of 



WORLD HISTORY. 


11 


years had passed by, we know that animals 
came to live in the forests. Fishes swam in 
the seas : and birds flew hither and thither 
among the branches of the trees. 

Thousands of years again passed. Then, 
last of all, people came to live upon the earth 
— real men and women — much like those 
who live on the earth to-day. 

But these first people were, of course, very 
ignorant. At first they lived in trees and 
caves, or wandered up and down the plains 
like the animals. 

They knew nothing of how the world came 
to be ; they knew nothing of the sun and stars 
and winds and tides. The coming and going 
of the seasons was a constant surprise to 
them, and they often wondered and wondered 
how there came to be any earth or any people 
at all. 


12 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Thousands of years again passed, and, by 
and by, these people learned to build homes 
for themselves. 

When there were a great many people on 
the earth they began to live in groups ; and 
each group, as it grew larger, called itself a 
nation. 

Later, the people learned to build cities, 
and each nation had a government. Still the 
people wondered about the trees and the 
flowers, the winds and tides, the changes of 
seasons, the stars, the sun and the clouds. 

Most of all they wondered how the earth 
and its people ever came to be. And so it 
came about that each nation built up for itself 
a different story of the Creation. This story 
was told over and over to their children as 
they grew up, and these children told it over 
and over again to their children. So, by 


WORLD HISTORY. 


13 


and by, the people of each nation came to 
believe the story which had been told to them. 

You all know the story of the Creation 
told us in the Bible. Let us read it once 
more. Then we will read the stories the 
Greeks told to the Greek children, and the 
Norse people told to their children. 



ADAM AND eve. (Raphael.) 





CREATION OF THE SUN AND MOON. 


BIBLE STORY OF THE CREATION. 

• 

Many, many years ago there was no earth. 
There were no plants, no animals ; no sun, no 
moon. Neither were there any people. All 
was darkness. 

Then God looked into the darkness and 

said, “ Let there be light.” And light came. 

And out of the new light, God created the 

blue sky, the deep sea, the beautiful grass- 

15 


16 


WORLD HISTORY. 


covered earth, the plants, the trees, and the 
many-colored flowers. 

In the blue sky he placed the golden sun, 
the silver moon, and the stars that shine like 
jewels in the sky. 

In the water, he placed the fishes ; on the 
earth, the animals; and in the tree-tops, the 
birds sang praises. 

“This shall be a home for man,” the Creator 
said. And so, one morning, there woke to life 
in the Garden of Eden a man and woman — 
beautiful and good and pure. 

To the animals God had given strength 
and speed, and fur for protection from the 
wind and rain. To the birds he had given 
plumage, brilliant and warm. To the fishes, 
fins and scales. 

Then man came. To him was given reason, 
and power to grow in wisdom. For by these, 


WORLD HISTORY. 


17 


he was able to protect himself and to gain 
control over the earth — the fishes, the birds, 
and the animals. 

Then God blessed everything he had made; 
for he loved the earth and the people that 
were upon it. 

“ Of every tree in the garden ye may eat,” 
He said to Adam and Eve, “ except of the tree 
of Knowledge-of-Good-and-Evil. Of that, eat 
not, lest ye die.” 

When Adam and Eve looked out upon this 
beautiful world; when they saw the flowers 
and the grasses ; when they heard the splash- 
ing of the sun-lit waters, and the rustling of 
the soft branches, their hearts were filled with 
love for each other. They loved their home, 
too, and the All-Father who had made all this 
joy for them. 

For a long time they wandered up and 


18 


WORLD HISTORY. 


down this garden of Eden, singing songs. 
They listened always to the voice of God, for 
he spoke to them in the soft winds that played 
among the tree tops. 

Now, there was a wicked angel, named 
Satan. He had been cast out from heaven, 
down, down, from the blue sky. In his own 
unhappy home he dwelt now, alone, wretched, 
and revengeful. When he saw this happy 
man and woman, so good and pure, his cruel 
face grew black. “ Such happiness shall not 
last,” he said. So he crept into the garden, 
took on the form of a serpent, and spoke to 
Eve. 

“ Eat of the fruit of the tree of Good-and- 
Evil,” he said, “ and give it to Adam that he 
may eat, too.” 

“ But we are forbidden,” Eve said. 

“The fruit is better than the fruit of all 


WORLD HISTORY. 


19 


other trees. Eat ; ye shall not die,” the ser- 
pent answered. 

Then Eve gathered the fruit and ate of it. It 
was sweet, even as the serpent had said. Then 
she gathered more, and Adam, too, ate of it. 

Then darkness fell upon the earth. A great 
wind arose, the thunder rolled, and God drove 
Adam and Eve out from the Garden of Eden. 
At the entrance he placed angels with flaming 
swords ; so that Adam and Eve might never 
return to their beautiful home. 

And so Adam and Eve went out into the 
world to work, and to struggle, and to build 
new homes for themselves. 

By and by, two baby boys were born to them 
— Cain and Abel. These children should 
have been pure and kind and good, but, alas ! 
they were born into a world of sin, and they, 
too, were sinful. 


20 


WORLD HISTORY. 


When these children were grown, Cain hated 
his brother. He grew sullen and revengeful 
towards him and the serpent now tempted him. 
He listened; and one day, when they were at 
work together in the field, Cain slew Abel and 
hid him in the earth. 

Then a great storm cloud swept across the 
sky; and a voice said, “Cain, where is thy 
brother? ” 

Cain trembled with fear, for he knew it was 
the voice of God. But he raised his wicked 
face towards the heavens and cried, “ Why 
should I know? Am I my brothers keeper?” 

And the voice said, “ Thou art thy brother’s 
keeper.” 

Then God put a brand upon the brow of 
Cain, and drove him forth into the wilderness, 


THE FLOOD. 


Many, many years after Adam and Eve 
were driven from the garden of Eden, a great 
flood came. 

There were thousands of people in the world 
now, and they were scattered here and there 
through the fertile valleys and along the 
rivers. 

There were rich farms everywhere, and shep- 
herds watched their flocks on the hillsides. 
There were towns and cities ; and in many of 
them, people dwelt together as people do now. 

But during all these years, the people had 
grown more and more away from simple, 
honest living. They had become selfish and 
greedy. They were cruel, and they cared noth- 
ing for the rights and comforts of each other. 

21 


22 


WORLD HISTORY. 


More than all this, they had forsaken the 
simple faith in the All-Father, and had become 
worshippers of idols. 

There was, however, one good man dwelling 
among these people, whose name was Noah. 

Although God meant to send a flood that 
should destroy the cities, and separate the 
people, still it was not his wish that the race 
should perish wholly. And so God went 
down upon the earth, and said to this good 
man, “ Build thou an ark, and into it bring all 
thy family. Bring also two of every kind of 
bird and beast and animal. For a great flood 
shall come upon the earth, and only those in 
the ark shall be saved/’ 

Noah was a simple-hearted man, and it 
seemed a strange thing that he should be told 
to build an ark. 

But he told the people what God had said 


WORLD HISTORY. 


23 


to him ; and he urged them to do likewise. 
Of course the people only laughed at him, and 
called him a fool; but Noah doubted not the 
word of God. So he set to work at once, and 
his three sons, Ham, Shem, and Japheth, 
helped him. Together they built the ark, and 
gathered together the birds and beasts and 
animals of the earth. 

Every morning the four men set out as 
soon as the sun had risen, and kept at their 
work till darkness fell. 

At last the ark was finished, and Noah and 
his wife, his three sons and their wives, jour- 
neyed to the mountain side. The people in 
the valley laughed at them and threw stones 
at them. But the trustful little band kept on 
their way and entered the ark, taking with 
them, as they had been told, two of every kind 
of bird and beast. 


i>7 



THE DELUGE. 


24 





WORLD HISTORY. 


25 


Then clouds began to gather in the south — 
great black clouds. The wind rose and the 
clouds scattered over the whole sky. So 
black and thick were they that the light of the 
sun was shut out, and it was like night. 

Then the rain fell. It fell in great sheets, like 
rivers. It poured upon the valleys. The thun- 
ders rolled, the lightnings flashed, and the rivers 
overflowed their banks. The winds howled and 
great trees were torn up by their roots. 

For forty days this storm continued — for 
forty days and forty nights. Every living 
thing upon the face of the earth was drowned. 
But the ark was borne up by the waters in 
safety. At last, one morning, when Noah and 
his people awoke, they saw that the storm had 
ceased ; the clouds were separating, and the sun 
was sending its rays down through the mist. 

Then came the beautiful rainbow, spanning 


26 


WORLD HISTORY. 


the heavens in the west, and reflecting its 
wonderful colors in the great sea below. 

Never was rainbow so beautiful. Then the 
voice of God spoke from out the skies to 
Noah: “This shall be to you a bow of promise. 
Never again shall the earth and the people be 
destroyed by water.” 

But nowhere, as far as the eye could reach, 
was there any sign of land. Noah could see 
only the mountain peak with the ark upon it, 
standing out above the water. 

Noah first sent out a raven, and it returned 
not. Then he sent out a dove. The dove 
came back after a long, long flight across the 
waters, but fell fluttering at Noah’s feet. 

Seven days went by. Then Noah again 
sent out a dove ; and this time it returned 
with an olive leaf. Noah knew now that the 
waters were growing less and that he might 


WORLD HTSTORY. 


27 


lift the covers of the ark and step out upon 
the mountain top. 

Then Noah and his family went forth, 
together with all the creatures that had gone 
into the ark with them. 

And so thankful was Noah, that he built a 
great altar, and ever after he and his family 
offered sacrifices to God. 

The Tower of Babel. 

In time children were born to Ham and 
Shem and Japheth. And when these children 
became men and women, children were born 
to them. So that after many, many years, 
the valley was again filled with people — all 
descendants from Noah and his three sons. 
But there came a time, long, long after, 
when the people again grew wicked and 
selfish. 










WORLD HISTORY. 


29 


They even grew so bold as to boast of their 
power, and say among themselves, “We will 
build a tower that shall reach to heaven. 
Then who in heaven or earth shall be greater 
than we ? ” 

Now, God was angry that these people had 
so forgotten the God of their fathers. He was 
angry that the trustful, humble spirit of Noah 
had departed from them. 

And so, while the people were at work upon 
the tower, and it had already risen above the 
trees and hill-tops, God touched them. And, 
behold, from that instant, each man spoke a 
language of his own. Nor could any man 
understand the language of another. Confu- 
sion followed ; and the building of the tower 
was forsaken. The people scattered up and 
down the world — and from that time there 
was no longer one language and one people. 






THE GREEK STORY OF THE 
CREATION OF MAN. 

Such was the account of the Creation as 
told by the people of the East. Let us read 
now the story as the Greeks told it to their 
children. 

When the earth was finished the All-Father 
— Zeus — told Prometheus and Epimetheus 
to fill the waters with fish, and the forests with 
birds and animals. But on the plains a Man 
should be born, and he should be greater than 
any .fish or any animal. 

Everything was done as the All-Father 
commanded. Then, that all might live and 
multiply on the face of the earth, the two 
brothers gave various gifts to the different 

Zens (zus), Greek; called by the Romans Jupiter (jo'pit-er). 

Prometheus (pro-me'thus) . Epimetheus (ep-i-me'thus) 31 


32 


WORLD HISTORY. 


animals : To one they gave strength, to another 
speed, to another fins, to another claws, to 
another wings, and to another a shell-like 
covering. These gifts were to help the birds 
and fishes and animals to provide for their 
own wants, and to protect themselves from 
their foes. 

But, alas! when the Man was made, there 
was no gift left for him. Everything had been 
given to the birds and fishes and animals. 
There he stood, with neither wings nor fins, 
neither had he speed above many an animal 
of the forest. 

“What shall be done for him?” asked Pro- 
metheus. “ He is less protected than any bird 
or fish or animal. He has neither fins nor 
wings, fur nor feathers, neither great strength 
nor speed. I fear he will be slain by the larger 
animals that are now browsing on the plains.” 


WORLD HISTORY. 


33 


For a long time Prometheus and Epime- 
theus pondered. They were sad at heart, for 
they loved the earth and all its creatures, and 
had meant to give each his share of gifts. 



At last the Goddess of Wisdom spoke and 
said : “ Bring down fire from the sun, and teach 
the Man its use and power. With this you will 


34 


WORLD HISTORY. 


give him strength to overcome even the strong- 
est beasts of the forests.” 

“It is well,” said Prometheus. “Though it 
destroy me, I will bring fire to these hapless 
people,” and away he sped upon his errand. 
It was a perilous task, but Prometheus was 
brave. 

From the chariot of the sun, it is said, he 
lighted a torch, and then slowly and carefully 
came down to earth with the fire which he had 
stolen. Then Prometheus and his brother 
taught the Man its use and its power. 

This was, no doubt, the greatest gift the 
gods could give him. It gave him mastery 
over all. With the fire, the wild beasts were 
kept at bay ; with it, irons for weapons were 
made, food was cooked, and the rude hut was 
made warm and comfortable when the biting 
cold came upon the plains. 



PANDORA. 


THE FIRST WOMAN. 

THE STORY OF PANDORA. 

Every day, the man grew wiser and more 
powerful. But, after all, he was lonesome. 
For he lived on the earth alone, and had 
nothing to do but to fight the wild beasts that 
roamed up and down. 

Pandora (pan-do'ia). 


35 



36 


WORLD HISTORY. 


And Zeus in the heavens looked down from 
his home on Mt. Olympus and pitied man. 
“After all, he has so little to make him really 
happy,” he said. 

“ He has no love in his heart,” said one god, 
sadly. 

“ He does not know the meaning of gentle- 
ness,” said another. 

“ He knows no heroism except that of brute 
strength against a foe,” said another. 

“ He thinks only of self,” said another. 

“There is,” said Zeus, “but one way to 
lift his thoughts, and arouse in his heart 
tenderness and true heroism. We must give 
him something to love, something to protect. 
Even the brutes of the forest have their 
young, and so are happier than man.” 

Then spoke the wise Athene. “ Let us send 
down to earth a woman. She shall sweeten 

Athene (a-the'ne), Greek; called by the Romans Mioerva fmi-ner'v&). 


WORLD HISTORY. 


37 


his nature. In his sleeping heart there shall 
spring up thoughts that shall make him gentle 
and brave and true.” 

To this great Zeus bowed assent. The 
gods set themselves to work. Each god and 
goddess strove to give some glorious gift to 
this woman who was to go down upon the 
earth to live. 

One gave her a tender, loving heart, that 
could not be cruel even to a worm of the earth. 
Another gave her a beautiful form, and eyes 
in which the light of the Sun God Apollo 
always shone. One gave her a love of music 
and beauty. Another gave her a love of home 
and of little children. 

At last this perfect woman, this beautiful 
Pandora, was brought before Zeus. His stern 
face grew tender as he looked upon her; and, 
rising from his golden throne, he placed his 


38 


WORLD HISTORY. 


hand upon her shining head. And at once 
there was added unto her beauty and gentle- 
ness, a love for all that was pure and high. 

Now Iris — the messenger of the gods — 
spread her beautiful rainbow arch across the 
sky ; and hand in hand with the loving-hearted 
Pandora, she passed down the shining bridge 
to the abode of man. 

And when Pandora stood before Prometheus 
and the man he had made, there fell a hush 
upon the man’s war-like spirit. There sprang 
up in his heart a tenderness, and love, and 
desire always to protect the weak. And hence- 
forth man rose higher and higher ; a being 
above the beasts of the forests, growing more 
and more like the good All-Father Zeus, who 
so loved the people of the earth. 

Iris (i'ris) 


THE FLOOD. 


THE STORY OF DEUCALION AND PYRRHA. 

These Greeks had also a story of a great 
flood which nearly destroyed the people. 

After many years there came a great flood 
upon the earth. For days and days and days 
the rains poured down, until at last every man 
and woman in all the earth was drowned — all 
except Deucalion and his good wife, Pyrrha. 
These two alone were saved in a wooden chest, 
which floated on the waters for nine days, 
when at last the rains ceased. 

Zeus spread a beautiful rainbow arch in the 
sky. The Sun God smiled through the clouds, 
and the waters began to go away. 

When at last the waters of the sea were 
quiet and the rivers were flowing peacefully 

Deucalion (du-ka'li-on). Pyrrha (pir'a). 

39 




WOKLD HISTORY. 


41 


along between their sunny banks, Deucalion 
and Pyrrha stepped out upon dry land and 
walked in the fresh green valleys. 

The brooks laughed in glee, and ran and 
bubbled to see them once again ; the flowers 
looked up and nodded gladly ; and the great 
trees spread out their branches to protect them 
from the too fierce heat of the sun. 

“The earth is beautiful,” said Pyrrha. 

“Very beautiful,” answered Deucalion, “but 
I am wondering why we two were spared to 
dwell here in all this beauty.” 

“ Let us go to a temple of Zeus, and ask 
what we ought to do,” said Pyrrha. 

So for two whole days and two whole nights 
* they journeyed eastward, seeking a temple of 
Zeus. Many ruins they passed, but at the 
end of the second day they came to a great 
white marble temple whose altar had not 


42 


WORLD HISTORY, 


been washed away even by the great flood of 
waters. 



Here they knelt and prayed, and at night, 
when they had fallen asleep, a message came to 

them. These were the words they heard : “Go 
up the mountain side. Veil your faces, but as 
you go, throw behind you, down into the valley 
below, every rock and stone that lies in your 
pathway. Rest in the mountain for a night; 

then, at dawn, go down again into the valley. 
There you will find work awaiting you.” 


WORLD HISTORY. 


43 


This seemed a strange message; but the 
good Deucalion and Pyrrha were ready to obey 
every command of the gods. 

All day long they toiled up the mountain side, 
rolling down the stones as they had been told. 

At night they rested ; and in the morning 
they hastened into the valley below. 

What a wonder met their gaze ! There in 
the valley, at the foot of the mountain, stood 
men and women, and little children — hun- 
dreds of them. For behold, the rocks and 
stones which Deucalion and Pyrrha had rolled 
down the mountain side had changed into 
people. There they stood, waiting for Deuca- 
lion and Pyrrha to teach them and guide them 
until they should themselves become wise. 

“ These people,” said the kind Pyrrha, “ shall 
be our care.” 

“ Yes,” answered the true-hearted Deucalion ; 


44 


WORLD HISTORY. 


“ and we will teach them to be noble-hearted 
men and women. They shall be kind one to 
the other, and the strong shall learn that it is 
heroic to protect the weak.” 

Then Deucalion taught the men to plant 
and gather the harvests. He taught them to 
fell the trees, and to make houses for their 
shelter. He taught them to hunt and fish, 
and to cook their game. And Pyrrha taught the 
women to care for their homes, to spin and 
weave; and to bring up their children to be 
noble men and women. 

Very happy were these people; for they 
strove in everything to be like Deucalion and 
Pyrrha, who were so good and kind and helpful. 
Then there was joy in the heavens. The gods 
looked down and smiled upon the valley, and 
promised to protect these innocent people and 
to keep their hearts from evil. 


THE NORSE STORY OF THE 
CREATION OF MAN. 


It was the Greek people — people who lived 
in the southern part of Europe — who believed 
that the earth was peopled in the way which 
you have just read. But up in the cold 
northern part of Europe there lived another 
race of men — the Norse people — and their 
wise men had told them a very different story 
of the creation of the earth and its people. 

Like the Greeks, the Norse people believed 
that in the heavens, on the top of a great 
mountain, lived the All-Father. The Norse, 
however, named the All-Father Odin, and his 
home they named Asgard. 

Now, Asgard was a beautiful city, shining 

Oclin (d'din), or, Anglo-Saxon, Woden — Wodensday= Wednesday. 

Asgard (as'g&rd). 



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WORLD HISTORY. 


47 


always in the sunlight. And from its golden 
gateway stretched Odin’s beautiful rainbow 
bridge with its wonderful bars of red and 
yellow and blue, orange, green, indigo, and 
purple. 

One day the good Odin came down the rain- 
bow bridge and walked in the fresh green 
valleys of the new-made earth. 

It was a beautiful earth that lay stretched 
out at the foot of the rainbow bridge. The 
fields were rich with grain and the trees were 
loaded with fruits. The sun shone warm and 
bright ; but there were no harvesters, no 
gatherers of the fruit, no children to run and 
frolic in the sunshine. 

“The earth is beautiful,” said Odin to him- 
self, as he looked upon the golden fields of 
grain. “ There should be people here ; people 
who can love and enjoy this beautiful land, 


48 


WORLD HISTORY. 


and whose children will fill the earth with 
their happy voices/’ 

As Odin passed beneath the trees, he saw 
standing side by side a straight, strong Ash 
tree, and a gentle, graceful Elm. 

“ From these two trees,” said Odin to him- 
self, “ will I create the Earth people. The 
man I will name Ask, and the woman Embla. 
It is a beautiful, sunny world, and they ought 
to be very happy in it. How their children will 
delight in the broad fields and the sunny 
slopes ! And no harm shall come to them ; 
for I, the All-Father, will watch over them in 
all the ages to come.” 

Then Odin touched the ash tree with his 
golden rod, and lo ! a strong, brave man 
sprang forth. Then he touched the elm tree; 
and lo! a beautiful, graceful woman sprang 
forth. Odin smiled upon these new Earth 

Embla (em'bla). 


WORLD HISTORY. 


49 


people and promised to watch over them 
forever. 

For long, long years, Odin did watch over 
his people and kept them from all harm. 

But alas, this happy age at last came to a 
cruel end. A terrible darkness fell upon every- 
thing — upon the Earth and upon the Heavens. 
Then sorrows came to the Earth people — cold 
and hunger and sickness, for Odin could no 
longer watch over them. 

This is the sad story of how this beautiful 
age came to an end : — 

Long, long before, the cruel Norns, or Fates, 
as the Greeks would have called them, said to 
Odin, “The day shall come when the Sun God 
Baldur, the bringer of the summer time, shall 
die. Then great darkness shall fall upon 
Asgard and even the gods shall die.” 

Ages upon ages had now rolled away, and 


50 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Odin knew that the time was drawing near 
when Baldur must die. 

“ Odin,” said the Goddess Frigg one day, 
“ what grieves thee ? What weighs thee down 
and puts such sadness into thine eyes and 
heart ?” 

“Ask Baldur. He shall tell you all,” 
answered Odin sadly. 

Then Baldur seated himself in the midst of 
the gods and said, “ Long ago, Odin learned 
the secrets of the past and of the future. 
Long ago he learned that the time would 
come when the light must go out from 
the Sun God’s eyes, and he must descend 
into the dark valley never to return. Now 
that time draws near. Soon will Baldur 
go, and with him must go the light and 
warmth he has always been so glad to 
bring.” 

Baldur (bal'dor). 


WORLD HISTORY. 


51 


“O Baldur! Baldur! Baldur! My child! my 
child!” cried Frigg. “This shall not be! 
I will go down to the earth world. I will go 
up and down the valleys, and every rock and 
tree and plant shall pledge itself to do no 
harm to thee.” 

“Dear mother,” sighed Baldur, “you can- 
not change our fate. From the beginning of 
time it was foretold that one day the light 
should go out from the heavens and there 
should be only twilight and coldness upon 
earth.” 

But the mother heart of Frigg would not 
accept Baldur’s word. And when the sun’s first 
rays shot up above the far-off hills, she stole 
forth from Asgard down the rainbow bridge. 

To every lake and river and sea she hurried, 
and said, “ Promise me, O waters, that you will 
never cause Baldur’s light to fail.” 


52 


WORLD HISTORY. 


“We promise,” the waters answered. 

Then Frigg hurried to the metals. “ Promise 
me, O metals, that you will never cause Baldurs 
light to fail.” 

“ We promise,” answered the metals. 

Then Frigg hurried to the minerals, 
“ Promise me, O minerals,” she said, ** that you 
will never cause Baldurs light to fail.” 

“ We promise,” answered the minerals. 

Then Frigg hurried on to the fire, the earth, 
the stones, the trees, the shrubs, the grasses, 
the birds, the beasts, the reptiles. Of each she 
asked the same earnest, anxious question; and 
from each she received the same kind, honest 
answer. 

Then Frigg was radiant and happy. Her 
eyes were bright, and her heart was alive with 
hope. She sped up the rainbow bridge, and 
hurried into the great hall to Odin and Baldur. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


53 


“ Be happy again, O Odin ! Be happy again, 
O Baldur ! No sorrow can come to us from 
anything in the earth or under the earth. For 
every tree has promised me ; and every rock 
and every metal ; every animal and every bird. 
Even the waters and the fire have promised 
that harm shall never come through them to 
Baldur.” 

But alas for poor FriggI She had over- 
looked one little weed — a wee little weed — 
hidden behind a rock. Loki, Baldur’s evil 
brother, however, had noticed this oversight of 
Friggs. His wicked face shone with glee, 
and his eyes gleamed. He hurried away to the 
home of the Frost Giants to tell them of the 
little weed. 

The ages rolled on. Every one in Asgard, 
except Odin, had long ago thrown off the 
fear of Baldur's death. “ No harm can come 


Loki (lo'ke). 


54 


WORLD HISTORY. 


to Baldur,” they would say, and all except Odin 
believed it. 

One day in the great garden of the gods, 
Baldur and two of his brothers were play- 
ing at tests of strength. Behind Baldur, 
invisible, stood Loki. In his hand he held 
a spear. 

“ Take this spear,” said Loki to one of the 
f brothers. “ It is less clumsy than those you 
throw.” 

The brother took it, never thinking of any 
harm. Alas for Baldur and Asgard and all 
the happy, smiling earth ! It was a spear 
tipped with the mistletoe — the one plant that 
Frigg had failed to find; — the one plant that 
had not promised to do no harm to Baldur. 

Quickly the spear flew through the air, and 
Baldur, the Summer Spirit, Baldur the Light 
of the Earth, fell — dead. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


55 


“ O Asgard ! ” groaned Odin. “ O Asgard ! 
Asgard ! Baldur is dead ! ” 

Then the gods, one and all, stood pale and 
white. A terrible fear settled over their faces, 
and they shook with terror. 

Already a twilight dimness began to fall 
lightly, lightly, over all. The shining pave- 
ments grew less bright ; the blue of the great 
arch overhead deepened ; and in the valleys of 
the earth there were long black shadows. 
Baldur was dead. His light had failed. The 
Golden Age was at an end. The Ice Age had 
come; and now, even the gods must die. 












THE COMING OF THE SUNLIGHT. 

THE STORY OF APOLLO AND LETO. 

These early people, as we now know, had 
very little true knowledge of the sun and 
moon and stars ; of the sea and the winds and 
the storms. Indeed, they knew as little of 
these as they did of the Creation. 

To them it was all very, very wonderful, 
and they thought out wonderful stories to 
account for what they saw on the earth and in 
the skies above them. 

They knew that when the sun shone, the 
green grass sprang up ; the flowers came ; the 

57 


58 


WORLD HISTORY. 


trees were loaded with fruit, and food was 
plentiful. 

So they began to say to each other, “ The 
sun is our Good Spirit, the Loving One who 
watches over us and takes care of us.” 

And so it came about that, by and by, these 
early people became sun worshippers ; they 
prayed and offered sacrifices to the sun ; and 
after a long time there grew up many stories 
of the sun. 

Here is a story of the Sun God as the early 
Greek people used to tell it to their little boys 
and girls : — 

Once there was only darkness upon the 
earth. Then a beautiful woman, Leto, came 
wandering up and down the dark earth, carry- 
ing in her arms a beautiful, sunny-haired baby 
boy. 

“ Let us dwell here in your land,” said Leto 

Leto (le'to), Greek; called by the Romans Latona (la to'n£) 


WORLD HISTORY. 


59 


to the people. “ Let me rest here upon your 
hillsides. Behold, I bring the light of day to 
you,” she pleaded. “I will bring you power 
and wealth and rich harvests and beautiful 
flowers, for the Sun God shall abide in the 
land which gives me shelter.” 

“We know,” said the king of Crete, “ that 
all these things are promised wherever the 
Sun God shall dwell; but we are afraid of you; 
we fear your dark and terrible beauty.” 

“We know that such a god is promised,” 
said also the king of Athens ; “ and gladly would 
our people welcome him. But how are we to 
know that you are the mother of this radiant 
god? No, Leto, we dare not open our gates 
to you. Go hence ; we await the coming of 
Apollo.” 

And so from land to land Leto wandered, 
till at last she came to the island of Delos. 


Apollo (a-pol'o) 


Delos fde'los) 


60 


WORLD HISTORY. 


It was but a barren little island in the midst 
of a great blue sea. Its shores were rocky ; 
its fields were bare ; its mountains black and 
grim and wild. 

And in the island dwelt a king whose people 
were poor and ignorant. He had neither 
wealth nor power; and scarcely was the name 
of this king known among the people of the 
lands that bound the sea. 

“ Delos, Delos,” cried Leto, when she came 
to this rocky shore, “listen to the voice of 
Leto. Give me welcome and I will bring 
glory and great wealth and power to your 
people. The island of Delos shall be a tem- 
ple; and to its altars people from all nations 
shall come, bringing their offerings. Wel- 
come me, and my child, the Sun God, Apollo, 
will love you and will abide forever in your 
land.” 


WORLD HISTORY. 


61 


Then said the king of Delos, “ Leto, it can- 
not be that the Apollo would care to dwell 
upon our barren island. Little have we to 
offer this glorious child of thine; for we have 
but a rocky soil. The mountains are black 
and rough. Our people are fierce. They 
know little of the wealth and glory of other 
lands. A weary home would this be for a 
child like the fair Apollo.” 

“ O king of Delos ! can you not believe that 
the promise I make shall be fulfilled?” said 
Leto. 

Then the good king said, “ Even though 
the child shall not remain in this land of 
Delos ; and even though this island has little 
to offer either to gods or men, let it not be 
said that we failed to welcome any stranger 
who came to our shores. Enter, Leto, and 
rest in Delos.” 


62 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Then Leto entered. The darkness grew 
deeper and deeper upon the island and there 
was stillness even upon the seas. The king 
and all his people slept, but happy dreams, 
however, came to them ; dreams of glory and 
power ; dreams of beauty and greatness ; 
dreams of light and of a splendor which the 
earth had never known. 

By and by the king awoke. Upon the 
mountain tops he saw a new, strange light 
and brightness shining behind the great, dark 
pillars of rock. Gradually the light grew 
brighter. And behold, there upon the moun- 
tain top stood Apollo, the Sun God, his hair 
shining like gold in the fresh new light of 
day. 

He smiled down upon the plain, and the 
plain blossomed into color. Grains grew and 
waved their happy blossoms in the wind; 


WORLD HISTORY. 


63 


flowers sprang forth — flowers of richest color 
and sweetest odors. 

For Apollo, the Sun God, had come! He 
had made his home in Delos ; and there was 
joy in the island from shore to shore. 




NIOBE 



THE CLOUDS. 

THE STORY OF NIOBE. 

These early Greek people loved to look at 
the beautiful pink clouds that stretched across 
the sky. They called them the children of 
Niobe. They noticed that when the daylight 
came, these clouds lost their beauty and soon 
disappeared from sight. So this is the story 
they told of why the pink clouds disappeared 
when the Sun God rose: — 

One morning, just as Apollo was climb- 
ing up the mountain sid£, Niobe called to 
the people of Delos to raise their eyes to 
the eastern sky. “ See ! see ! ” she cried, 
“ see my beautiful cloud children ! Even 
Apollo in his golden chariot does not look 
so fair as these sons and daughters of mine!” 


Niobe (ni'5-be) 


65 


66 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Hearing this, the face of Leto darkened. 
A deep shadow fell upon the island of Delos. 
Even Apollo’s light grew pale. The people 
rushed forth from their caves to ask what had 
happened to the morning light. 

“Apollo, Apollo, my son,” said Leto, “thy 
arrows are never failing. They bring warmth 
and light. They also bring fire and heat and 
destruction. Above the hill-tops the sons and 
daughters of the boastful Niobe lie fast asleep. 
It is thine own light that has flushed their 
beautiful faces and made their golden robes 
so soft and radiant. But Niobe boasts of this 
beauty before the people of the earth. She 
says that they are more beautiful than Apollo 
himself.” 

“This must not be,” said Apollo. “To me 
alone, do the earth and sky owe their beauty. 
Indeed the people must not turn away from me.” 


WORLD HISTORY. 


67 


So then Apollo climbed high upon the 
mountain top. Paler and paler grew the 
clouds. Very, very still they lay ; for 
Apollo had sent his never failing arrows 
straight into their hearts. Paler and paler, 
thinner and thinner they grew, till now there 
lay across the eastern sky only a film of mist, 
to show where the radiant sons and daughters 
of Niobe had played together. 

But Niobe, poor Niobe! She sank down 
upon the mountain top, and the tears streamed 
down her pale cheeks. Not one word did she 
say, for Apollo was already far away on his 
journey across the sky. 

Her tears flowed on and on, until a spark- 
ling fountain burst forth from a cleft in the 
great rocks below. Colder and colder grew 
the sad mother heart within her. But at last, 
in tender pity, Apollo changed her to stone. 


68 


WORLD HISTORY. 


She sat there all day long, still and lifeless, her 
face turned toward the eastern sky where her 
beautiful children once had played together. 

“ See, it is the Mother Niobe,” the people 
said. And when evening came, and the shep- 
herds lay upon the hillsides looking up at the 
mountain they said, “ See, she is like stone.” 

And never, in all the days that followed, did 
she move from her mountain top. As the 
years rolled on, mosses gathered over her, and 
trees sprang up around her feet. 

Then the people taught their children, and 
their children in turn taught children of their 
own, to look up to the Mother Niobe and say, 
“ Behold the punishment that fell upon her 
children because she worshipped not Apollo, 
the God of Light.” 


THE DROUGHT. 

THE STORY OF PHAETHON. 

These southern people knew that, although 
Apollo brought great joy to the earth, he 
could sometimes bring great sorrow. They 
knew that sometimes his warmth scorched the 
grasses and the grains and withered the flow- 
ers. They knew that he could also dry the 
lakes and the rivers, and that the people died 
for want of water. 

This is the story they used to tell, when one 
of these great droughts came: — 

In all the earth, Apollo saw no child so 
beautiful, so strong, so wise as Phaethon. 
Phaethon was his own boy, and he dwelt with 
his mother on the eastern hills. 

Phaethon (fa'e-thon) 69 


70 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Phaethon heard his proud father often say 
that there was no child on earth to compare 
with him. So, by and by, he became eager to 
show the children of the earth how great a 
hero he was. 

One morning Phaethon stood before his 
father Apollo, and said, “O my father, let me 
prove to the earth that I am thy child. Grant 
me permission to share with thee the glorious 
task of guiding the chariot of the sun. I 
am brave and strong, as a son of thine 
should be, and I am eager to show the earth 
people that Phaethon is worthy of his noble 
father.” 

Apollo looked down upon his brave son 
and said, “ Phaethon, thy father and all the gods 
rejoice that thy heart longeth for deeds of 
greatness. But thou art not yet strong enough 
to guide the fiery horses that bear my chariot 


WORLD HISTORY. 


71 


across the sky. Greatly do I fear that the 
horses would not obey thee.” 

Phaethon, however, heeded not the words of 
Apollo. He seized the reins, and lashed the 
fiery steeds. He flew so rapidly above the 
mountain top that the gentle dawn had hardly 
time to spread her faint light across the east. 

“ A sudden sunrise,” said the earth-people 
who tended their flocks through the night upon 
the hillsides. 

Soon the horses were speeding furiously 
across the sky. Phaethon called to them, 
and tried to rein them in ; but they dashed 
onward with greater speed. Phaethon, trembled 
with terror, and lost his grasp upon them. 
So frightened was he that he could only cling 
to the chariot sides and await whatever fate 
might be in store for him. 

Down, near to the earth the horses plunged, 


72 


WORLD HISTORY. 


and the chariot wheels scorched the trees and 
grasses. They set fire to the broad fields and 
hill-sides. The waters in the lakes and rivers 
dried up in the mighty heat. The flowers 
wilted, and the rich harvests of grain and fruit 
were burned. 

Then Zeus pitied the suffering earth. So 
he bade the clouds pour forth their soft 
rain upon the fainting grain and withering 
fruit. 

But alas ! even the clouds had fled in fright 
before the wild chariot. Neither would they 
come until they heard the call of Zeus’ own 
thunderbolts. 

Then the mighty thunders rolled in the 
sky. In the west, quick lightning flashed, for 
Zeus had sent forth his mightiest bolts. 

The Wind God, too, gave help. The wind 
shrieked ; the great trees rocked ; and at last 


WORLD HISTORY. 


73 


the clouds came scurrying up from behind the 
hills. 

The shepherds, who lay fainting upon the 
hillsides, looked up. Courage came to them, 
for the thunderbolts of Zeus never failed to 
bring fresh life and strength to the people. 

And now a great cloud covered the golden 
chariot. The horses struggled on ; but poor 
Phaethon was struck with one of Zeus’ dread 
thunderbolts. Down, down through the air he 
fell, upon the earth where he had wrought such 
ruin. 



DEMETER ENTHRONED (PAINTING FROM POMPEII, NAPLES.) 




THE SEASONS. 


THE STORY OF PERSEPHONE. 

To these people who lived so long ago, the 
change of seasons was also a constant wonder. 
Had you been a Greek child in those early 
times, this is the story your parents would have 
told you when you asked what brought the 
warm summer time: — 

Many, many years ago, a happy child, named 
Persephone, used to wander up and down the 
country. All day long she gathered flowers 
and grasses, and sang her sweet songs to the 
birds and bees. 

The trees bent softly over her, and the 
grasses and flowers looked up at her in joy. 

Persephone (per-sef'6-ne), Greek ; called by the Romans Proserpine 
(pros'er-pin) 75 


76 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Everybody loved the child ; for her coming 
meant always warmth and beauty throughout 
the land. 

The earth people also loved Demeter, the 
mother of sweet Persephone. With Demeter 
came the fruit, the harvest and the ripe 
grains. 

All day long Persephone played alone among 
the flowers. Demeter, however, had work to 
do in every land where there were earth people. 

But Persephone was not afraid; neither was 
she lonely. Every flower was dear to her and 
every grass and grain nodded her a welcome. 
She was indeed the Queen of the Flowers. 
The great trees, too, loved her. They protected 
her and made deep shade for her when she 
grew tired and fell asleep. 

The king of the under-world also loved Per- 
sephone, and it happened that one day, as she 

Demeter (de-me'ter), Greek; called by the Romans Ceres (se'rez) 


WORLD HISTORY. 


77 


sat among the flowers, she heard a heavy 
rumbling sound far across the plain. 

Nearer and nearer came the sound. It 
seemed just beneath the poppy field — just 
beneath Persephone’s feet. 

Suddenly the earth opened wide; and behold, 
a chariot of gold and silver, drawn by six black 
horses, appeared before the maiden. 

In the chariot sat a king. He beckoned to 
the girl, and leaned forth from the chariot. As 
he came near, he lifted her from the poppy 
field, and placed her beside him in the chariot. 

Then the driver swung his whip high above 
the fiery horses’ heads. And before Persephone 
had time to think, away they flew, down, down 
into the earth — down into the house of King 
Pluto. 

Very sad was Demeter when, at the close 
of the day, she came to find her daughter. 

Pluto (plo'to) 


78 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Where had she wandered? Had anyone seen 
her through the day? But no answer came; 
the flowers all were wilted. Even the trees had 
dropped their leaves, and now the branches 
stood out bare and cold against the sky. 

Poor Demeter ! “ Some one has stolen my 

child!” she wept. “My beautiful, beautiful 
Queen of the Flowers ! ” Then Demeter grew 
angry. “ Not until she is restored to me will 
I work again in the harvest fields,” she said. 
“ Never will I watch the grain and fruits. 
Never will I care for the earth people. Never 
will I care whether there is beauty in the 
land, or whether there are harvests.” 

Then Demeter wrapped a great black robe 
about her, and set forth with a flaming torch 
to seek her child. 

“O Sun God,” she cried, “surely thou who 
seest all that happens upon the earth — surely 


WORLD HISTORY. 


79 


thou must know what has happened to my 
child ! ” 

“ Demeter,” said the Sun God, “ I pity thee 
for thy great sorrow and gladly would I help 
thee. This I know: that at mid-day, when 
my chariot rolled above the fields, the earth 
opened, and the chariot of Pluto burst forth 
into the sunlight. 

“ In the chariot sat the king himself. He it 
is, Demeter, who hath stolen your child away.” 

Demeter’s sorrow was turned now to burning 
wrath. “ The earth shall grieve long and bit- 
terly,” she said, “ for this. I will have revenge 
upon those who allowed this cruel fate to 
come to my child, Persephone.” 

Then down from the hill Demeter climbed, 
her great black robe wrapped close about her. 
Her face, always so kindly, was now dark and 


angry. 


80 


WORLD HISTORY. 


On, on she wandered, till the sun sank 
behind the far-off purple hills. By and by she 
came to a fountain and threw herself upon the 
green grass to weep. 

For one whole year Demeter dwelt beside 
the fountain. Every day the grasses grew 
more brown and dry. The trees dropped their 
leaves, and no signs of fruit or flower were to 
be seen upon them. The vines lay crackling 
and dry upon the hillsides, and there was 
famine in all the land. 

“ I do not care,” Demeter would say. “ The 
peoples loss is no greater than my own. Let 
my child come back to me ; then will I care for 
the children of the earth people.” 

And now a whole year had gone by. There 
were no fruits nor grains left in the store-houses 
of the people. There were no harvests to 
gather. At last the people met together 


WORLD HISTORY. 


81 


and offered great sacrifices. They begged that 
both Demeter and the child Persephone might 
be returned to the earth. 

Then Zeus sent his messenger, Hermes, 
down into grim old Pluto’s kingdom, to bid 
him allow Persephone to return. 

The old king raged and stormed. His face 
grew blacker and blacker. The earth rumbled 
and rocked. The people above trembled and 
clung close to each other, lest the parched 
earth should open and swallow them up. 

Angrily Pluto obeyed the command of Zeus, 
for he loved the beautiful Persephone, and 
had made her queen of his kingdoms. Go she 
must ; but before she passed through the gate- 
way which led to the upper world, the king 
asked her to eat at least one little pome- 
granate seed. If she ate that, he knew full 
well that she must some time return to him. 


82 


WORLD HISTORY. 


When Persephone reached the upper air, 
the sun was sinking behind the hills, and 
there was a sad, yellow light over all the land. 

“ Take me,” said she, “ first of all to my poor 
mother. Her heart has mourned for me 
through all these weary moons.” 

At the fountain, they found Demeter, still 
wrapped in her black ro e, and with her face 
hidden from sight. 

“ Mother ! Mother ! ” cried Persephone, “ I 
am here ! I am here ! ” 

Poor Demeter sprang to her feet ! “ Per- 

sephone ! Persephone ! my child, my child ! ” 
she cried. And the tears of joy ran down her 
face as she clasped the little flower queen to 
her heart. 

Then a change began to come over th * 
earth. When, the next morning, the Sun 
God’s chariot rose above the hills, there was 


WORLD HISTORY. 


83 


a new softness and sweetness in the air. 
Already the grasses had grown green, and 
were pushing their way up through the leafy 
mold. Birds were singing new songs, and 
the leaf buds were swelling the branches of 
the trees. 

“ The flower queen is coming,” the grasses 
whispered. And the trees and the birds sang, 
“Yes, yes, the flower queen is coming!” 

For six long months there was joy in all 
the land. Never were the flowers so rich 
and rare. Never were fruits so sweet, nor 
grains so plentiful. The people filled their 
storehouses full to running over. The birds 
poured forth their song from morn till eve. 
The squirrels and the rabbits filled their nests, 
and jumped and ran in the golden fields. 

One day, however, there came across the 
earth a sharp cold wind. But little did the 


84 


WORLD HISTORY. 


people, or the squirrels, or the rabbits care ; for 
their houses were now filled with fruit and grain. 

But to Demeter it brought grief again. 
“ The time has come, dear mother, when I 
must return to the under-world again,” said 
Persephone. “With Pluto I left my pledge 
that in one half year I would come back to 
him. But do not grieve, dear mother. Pluto 
is very kind to me. He keeps me warm, and 
spreads rich food before me each day. And 
there I rest, and grow strong and beautiful. 

“ Think, too, how generous King Pluto is to 
all the earth ; for he has promised that each 
half year I shall return to you to make you 
glad. For one half year we will work together, 
making the earth beautiful, and filling the 
harvests with fruit and grain. 

“ So now, good-bye, /dear mother. I hear 
the rolling of the chariot wheels ; but do not 


WORLD HISTORY. 


85 


grieve for me. We shall be together again in 
six short months. In six short months I shall 
come again ! ” 

And so it is that every year we have six 
months of autumn and winter. And so it is 
that in the spring and summer, Persephone 
comes back to us, and the earth is gay with 
fruits and flowers. 





IN THE LAND OF SNOW. 


80 





THE SEASONS IN THE NORTH. 


THE STORY OF BALDUR. 

The Norsemen, who lived in the cold north 
country, had also a story of winter and summer. 
Their story is as beautiful as the Greek story 
of Persephone, although it is very different. 

This difference between the Greek myth 
and the Norse myth is probably due to the 
difference in the climate of the two countries. 

In Greece, it is always warm and sunny; 
never severely cold, even in mid-winter. There- 
fore the Greek myths had in them always a 
softness and gentleness like the climate. 

In Norseland the climate is very severe. It 
is a country of ice and snow, and there are 
always biting winds and stinging frosts. Even 


87 


88 


WORLD HISTORY. 


in the summer-time the snows do not wholly 
melt. Away off on the horizon are always to 
be seen the snow-capped mountains — the 
homes of the Frost Giants, as the Norsemen 
called them. 

It was the dear, beautiful Baldur(the Sun 
God) that brought the summer to Norseland. 
But how the F"rost Giants hated Baldur, and 
how they fought each year to chain him to 
the snowy mountain peaks ! 

They hated the soft air that Baldur 
brought. They hated the sunshine and the 
warm rain-drops. They hated the sweet 
flowers and the fresh, green grass. 

Every night they tried to breathe upon the 
tree buds, and to freeze them through and 
through. For when the beautiful spring-time 
came, the Frost Giants knew they must be 
driven away. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


89 


The sunshine which Baldur always brought, 
melted their snow. It broke the thick roofs 
of ice with which the shrieking, roaring Frost 
Giants loved to cover lakes and rivers. 

How the Frost Giants bellowed when they 
heard the people say, “ Dear Baldur! We love 
him ; for he keeps away the biting cold of the 
cruel Frost Giants.” 

And so it was that the Frost Giants and 
the gentle Baldur fought always against one 
another in the spring-time. And when Baldur 
won, the people rejoiced and sang for joy. 

As soon as his step was heard, the brooks 
began to sing. The grasses and the flowers 
lifted their heads, and the birds sang, “ Baldur 
has come ! Baldur has come ! ” 

Then the Frost Giants would scream and 
roar. They would rush across the fields like a 
great wind, and roar through the forests like 


90 


WORLD HISTORY. 


wild animals. They would blow down great 
trees, and hurl the rocks through the air. 
Sometimes the earth would shake, and big 
black clouds would shut out the sun. 

But Baidu r was never frightened. He knew 
that the spring-time was his. So when the 
Frost Giants roared and shrieked, he only 
turned his great shining face toward the earth 
and waited. 

He breathed his soft, warm breath out into 
the air, and laid his gentle hand upon the fields. 

Then the Frost Giants would creep back to 
their mountains in the North and leave the 
fields and valleys in peace. 

During half of the year Baldur ruled the 
earth. But during the other half, the wild 
Frost Giants were allowed to rule. 

When their rule commenced a great change 
came upon the earth. There were no flowers, 


WORLD HISTORY. 


91 


and the air grew cold. The fields were covered 
with deeper snow. The lakes and rivers were 
hidden beneath the ice. The cold winds blew, 
and the grains and grasses grew dry and brown. 
The earth children were often hungry and cold, 
and they flew to their caves for shelter. 

Then how the Frost Giants howled and 
shrieked. They lashed the waters of the sea 
till it was white with foam. Even the moun- 
tains seemed to rock. Whole forests broke 
and fell, and the air grew biting cold. 

The still snow drifted on every hill and 
plain. The waters were covered with thick ice. 
Not a flower was left in all the land. 

The Frost Giants were the conquerors now; 
for the long winter of the north had come. 

The people on the earth were very sad and 
cold and hungry. But the little gnomes who 
dwelt in the mountains were sadder still. 


Gnomes (nomes) 







WORLD HISTORY. 


93 


Their homes, too, were very cold ; and it was 
so dark that the gnomes could hardly see to 
work. 

“Let us go up to Odin,” they said, “ and ask 
him to give us just a tiny bit of Baldur’s sun- 
shine. It would make our homes light, and 
it would help to keep us happy and busy till 
Baldur shall come again.” 

So the little gnomes went up to Odins 
home and told him how dreary their homes 
were, now that Baldur was gone. 

Kind Odin listened to their story and pitied 
them. Then he gave them a tiny bit of Bal- 
dur’s sunshine, and the happy little gnomes 
hurried home with their prize. 

They set it in the very middle <of the moun- 
tain, and it made their home warm and cheer- 
ful. For weeks and weeks they kept it there. 
But one day one of the little gnomes said, 


94 


WORLD HISTORY. 


“ The people in the earth world are as sad 
as we are. They, too, grieve over the loss of 
Baldur. Perhaps we are selfish to keep this 
bit of sunshine to ourselves. Shall we not 
take it up into the earth world, and share it 
with the earth people?” 

Then all the little gnomes set to work. All 
day long they bored and bored, and drilled and 
drilled up through the mountain, until when 
night came they had made a little hole away 
up into the light. As they looked up through 
the hole, they could see the stars twinkling in 
the cold and they could hear the cold wind blow. 

Then they pushed the sunshine of Baldur 
up through the mountain and watched to hear 
what the earth people would say when they 
saw it. Soon the people came and when they 
saw it they shouted for joy. “ Baldur’s sun- 
shine ! Baldur’s sunshine ! ” they cried 


WORLD HISTORY. 


95 


“ Baldur has come again! Baldur has come 
again ! ” 

Then all the earth rejoiced ; for the sunshine 
soon spread over the whole mountain side. It 
crept down across the fields, and made the air 
grow soft and warm again. 

And from that time to this, when Baldur’s 
sunshine comes, the warm spring comes. 
Then the Frost Giants go howling and shriek- 
ing and roaring back to their homes in the snow 
covered mountains. 


V*. 




THE COMING OF THE WINDS. 

THE STORY OF HERMES. 

The blowing of the wind was a great mys- 
tery to these early people. They could feel it 
and they could hear it ; but they could never see 
it. They wondered where it came from, and 
when it passed they wondered where it went. 

They noticed that sometimes it was soft and 
gentle and loving. Sometimes it was hard 
and cruel. 

These Greek people built up many wind 
myths, and here is one of them: — 

One morning, so the Greek myth tells us, 
when the sun looked down upon the valleys, 
it saw a great cave by the sea. In the cave 
lay a beautiful new-born child — Hermes. 

Hermes (her'mez), Greek; called by the Rumans Mercury (mer'ku-ri) 


98 


WORLD HISTORY. 


So quiet was its sleep that one would never 
have dreamed of the power that lay within its 
baby hand. But the Sun God knew; and he 
sent his brightest rays into the dark cave to 
rouse the child from its sleep. 

The child felt the warmth upon its little 
body, and turned and yawned and stretched 
itself. It opened its eyes and laughed aloud, 
to see the sunbeams dancing along the floor 
of the cave. 

Then the child crept to the door of the cave, 
and looked out upon the dancing waters. At 
the entrance of the cave lay a speckled tortoise 
shell. 

“ Come here, little shell,” said the child. 
And, reaching forth his hand, he drew it into the 
cave. 

“ Poor tortoise,” said Hermes, “ see what 
I will do for thee! No tortoise ever before 


WORLD HISTORY. 


99 


was honored as thou shalt be. I will stretch 
cords across this hollow shell and upon them 
will I make sweet music. Sometimes it shall 
be low and soft and sweet, and shall lull the 
people to rest. And then again it shall be so 
loud and high and shrill, that the people shall 
tremble.” 

All day long Hermes worked upon his shell. 
First he drilled lines of holes along the edges. 
Then he stretched cords from side to side. 
There were seven cords, and each cord was 
finer than the one below it. Then he made a 
bow. He struck the bow upon the cords, and 
behold, sweet music sounded forth upon the air. 

The waves crept close to the cave to listen. 
The trees rustled, and the tiny waves clapped 
their hands. The grasses waved with delight. 
The flowers forgot to close their eyes the whole 
night long, so glad were they to hear the music. 

Lora 


100 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Then Hermes went to the door of his cave 
to welcome the rising sun. Like a merry 
child he sang of the fields and of the forests ; 
of the birds and the bees ; of the trees and the 
flowers. 

The Sun God listened and smiled to see the 
little god so gay and happy. But Hermes 
had no wish to dwell in the great dark cave. 
He was already tired of singing to the waters 
and waiting for the coming of the Sun God. 

And so, when darkness had fallen once more 
upon the earth, he went forth from his cave. 

First he came to the shadowy hills, where 
the cattle of Apollo grazed and slept the whole 
year long. 

“ Ah, here are the cattle of Apollo ! ” laughed 
Hermes to himself. His eyes sparkled and 
his little fat sides shook with mirth. “ We 
will have a frolic,” he said. And so, pucker- 


WORLD HISTORY. 


101 


in g up his mouth, he blew and blew, until a 
great wind seemed to fill the air. The cattle 
were frightened. They put their heads down, 
and ran before it as if pursued by evil spirits. 

“ Whirl, sands, whirl ! ” shouted Hermes. 
“ Whirl so that the tracks of these cattle may 
be lost in the drift. Whirl, whirl, whirl ! 

“ And you, O trees, send down your leaves 
and branches. With them will I make great 
sandals to cover my own footsteps in the sand.” 

First there was a great crackling among the 
boughs. Then came a mighty rush of wind. 
The sand lifted itself a mile in air and down 
came great branches from the trees. 

Hermes screamed in glee Louder and' 
louder blew the gale, and the sand circled 
round and round. It rose in great clouds far 
above the plain, and then fell like a gentle 
shower of rain. Hermes, meantime, had 


102 


WORLD HISTORY. 


fastened the boughs to his baby feet, and was 
hurrying along, driving the frightened cattle 
before him. 

Hermes met one yeoman on the way. To 
him he shouted, “Good friend, thine will be a 
fine harvest, provided no harm comes to thy 
vines.” 

The old man stared after the child and 
wondered. All about him lay his vines. 
They were uprooted by a strange power which 
he had never seen before. It moved unseen 
across the fields and down the roads. 

Onward, onward, over the hills, across the 
plains, the child Hermes flew. 

The moon looked down in wonder upon the 
scene, and the little clouds hurried and scurried 
across the sky. 

Hermes swept along over the rocks and 
stones, making them grind and grate upon 


WORLD HISTORY. 


103 


each other. Suddenly there seemed to shoot 
forth from the stones a spark of Apollo’s light. 
Then there was a flash. Then a tiny smoke 
arose. The boughs had caught fire. 

Catching up the smouldering boughs, Her- 
mes fanned them quickly into a blaze. It 
was a blaze so red that even the Sun God 
looked down in jealous fear. Never was fire 
made on earth before, nor did the people then 
dream what uses they might some time make 
of it. 

But now the moon was sinking in the west, 
and the frolicsome Hermes knew that Apollo 
would soon lift his chariot above the eastern 
hills. 

“ It will be best for me,” he laughed, “ to be 
asleep in my own cradle in the cave, when 
great Apollo comes.” 

So away he flew across the desert to his 


104 


WORLD HISTORY. 


home. He crept into the cave, and nestled 
down into his cradle. When Apollo came 
Hermes looked like a sweet and innocent baby. 

But the mother of Hermes was not to be 
deceived. “ Away with you, rogue,” she said. 
“ What mischief have you brought upon the 
earth this night? Do you not know that 
Apollo will be angry with you ? He will slay 
you with his arrows, even as the children of 
Niobe were slain.” 

“ Now, mother, why scold me as if I were 
but a mere earth child?” answered Hermes 
sleepily. “ I have not harmed the earth chil- 
dren. Do you think I shall be content to 
dwell forever in this dark cave? But hark! 
Apollo is coming!” Then the child curled 
down in his cradle. He half hid in the soft 
leaves, so that Apollo should not see his laugh- 
ing face. 


’STORLD HISTORY. 


105 


Already Apollo had missed his cattle, and 
had searched the country for them. One old 
man whom he had met, told him of the strange 
night that had passed. He told him, too, of 
the little child whom he had seen driving the 
cattle onward. 

“ But which way did they go ? ” asked Apollo. 
“ I can find no tracks in the sand. Indeed the 
sand lies in whirls. Did a panic seize upon 
the cattle? And did they run, forward and 
back, and around and around ? ” 

“ It was a strange power,” said the old man. 
“It drove the sands of the desert up into the 
air, and they fell again like rain upon the 
earth. The trees bent before it, the boughs 
creaked, and the branches fell.” 

“And, in the midst of all this, a child drove 
the cattle onward? ” Apollo asked. 

“ It was indeed a child,” the old man said. 


106 


WORLD HISTORY. 


“ But where are the child’s foot-marks ? ” 
the Sun God asked again. 

“The strange child’s feet were bound with 
great leafy branches,” said the old man. “ That 
is why there are no foot-tracks.” 

Apollo now knew well enough who had done 
this harm to the country round about. He 
knew who had stolen the cattle of the gods. 

So away to the cave of Hermes he hastened. 
“ Mischievous child,” he roared, as he entered 
the cave. “ Come forth and tell me where are 
my cattle? Tell me, or thou shalt be heavily 
punished for this night’s work.” 

“Apollo, why wilt thou enter my cave and 
trouble a little child who was born only yester- 
day?” asked Hermes, sleepily. 

“ Callest thyself a child?” cried Apollo, and 
a great frown came across his face. 

“Turn thy shining face away,” answered 


WORLD HISTORY. 


107 


the child. “ It blinds me when I am just 
awakening from a long night's sleep. And 
why worry me about cattle?” 

“ Come with me,” said Apollo ; I will take 
thee to Zeus who will bid thee tell the truth.” 
And Apollo strode towards the cradle to seize 
the child. 

But Hermes was like Apollo himself for 
speed. Like a flash of light he leaped from 
his cradle and sped through a cleft in the 
rock. Before Apollo could gather his wits, 
Hermes was half way across the plain, speed- 
ing upward towards Mt. Olympus. 

Apollo followed in quick pursuit, and to- 
gether they appeared before the throne of Zeus. 

“ Well, great Apollo,” said Zeus, “ whence 
came this little day-old child ? ” 

“ Father Zeus,” said Apollo, his eyes flashing 
fire, “ this is a strange day-old child. In a cave 


108 


WORLD HISTORY. 


I found him after a weary search. He is a 
thief and a mischief maker. I had gone to 
rest behind the western hills, when this child 
sprang from his cradle and stole fifty of my 
choicest cattle. These he drove across the 
country, even down to the sounding sea. 
There were no footprints even, by which to 
trace them. And had not an old man told me 
what had happened, I might never have traced 
the thief.” 

But while Apollo was speaking, Hermes 
stood with twinkling eyes. He held his sides, 
and writhed and wriggled until Zeus himself 
could not help laughing. 

When Apollo finished, Hermes came and 
stood before the throne of Zeus. His eyes 
were still twinkling, and he said, “ O Father 
Zeus, this is indeed a sad, sad story to tell of a 
little day-old child. But let me tell the story 


WORLD HISTORY. 


109 


as it is ; for I am a very truthful child and have 
not learned yet the art by which to deceive. 
This morning as I lay asleep in the dark cave, 
this fair-haired Apollo burst in upon me and 
accused me of all that he has told you here.” 

And as he spoke, the child drew himself up 
very straight, and looked into the face of 
Apollo with a sweet, roguish smile. 

Zeus could not help smiling as he looked 
upon Hermes. Even Apollo himself looked 
kindly down upon the little child, although he 
knew that he was a mischief-brewer. 

Zeus knew that every word Apollo had 
spoken was true. Yet he could not punish 
Hermes. Instead, he smiled upon him, saying, 
“O Hermes, Hermes! I fear that little good 
will come to the earth people through thee.” 

Then, turning to Apollo, the Father Zeus 
said, “ Be friends with this tiny child. He is 


110 


WOULD HISTORY. 


indeed thy brother. He has not thy spirit of 
love and help towards the earth people, yet he 
has no evil in his heart. Watch him, Apollo, 
and see that his pranks do not make too much 
trouble either on land or sea.” 

Then Hermes raised his tortoise shell and 
made sweet music upon it. And the music 
was the softest and sweetest that Zeus had 
ever heard. 

Then Hermes sang. And his voice was so 
sweet that the stern face of Apollo softened, 
and love for the little mischief-elf stirred his 
heart. 

Down upon the earth the leaves and the 
grasses heard the music. Men stopped their 
work to listen to the soft sound ; and they 
rejoiced to feel the cool breeze upon their faces. 

And to this day the people of the earth still 
love the mischief-making Hermes. Some- 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Ill 


times he delights in storm and sleet and rain, 
and lifts his voice high above the storm. 
Sometimes he shrieks and groans among the 
trees, and tears them from their resting places. 
Sometimes he rages over sea and land, and is 
pitiless towards the ships. But sometimes he 
draws his bow gently across the strings. Then 
the sweet music sounds through the northern 
pines. The leaves and grasses rustle softly 
and the earth people forget his harsh and 
cruel pranks. “ Listen to the summer breezes,” 
they say. “ How soft they are, and how 
sweet.” 







ier «S 







Hl^ ^ yfj| 

* * ' %i;'i 5 





THE THUNDER AND THE 
LIGHTNING. 

THE NORSE STORY OF THOR.* 


The Norse people, too, had a story of the 
winds and storms. But the story is very 
different from this Greek tale which we have 
just read. 

It is fierce and harsh and rugged. It is 
full of roar and rumble. The thunder rolls 
and the lightning flashes. This is because to 
the Norsemen, in their cold northern homes, 
the winds most often meant danger and death. 

♦Thursday is derived from Thorsday. 


113 


114 


WORLD HISTORY. 


They were full of the cruelty of the Frost 
Giants and of Thor, the God of Thunder. 

Now, Thor was the brother of' Baldur, 
and he often protected Baldur from the Frost 
Giants. Because of this, the Frost Giants 
hated Thor, and there was always war between 
them. 

Thor, however, had a magic hammer. And 
when he was angry with the Frost Giants, he 
would send this hammer crashing through the 
heavens. 

The Frost Giants hated Thor. They hated 
him because with his magic hammer he could 
bring forth the lightning, and the thunder. 
And the lightning and the thunder always 
sent refreshing showers down upon the earth. 

When the angry Frost Giants saw the little 
flowers drink in the sparkling drops, they 
roared with anger. 


tfORLD HISTORY. 


115 


They bellowed to each other across the 
great valleys and said, “ Let us revenge our- 
selves upon this insolent Thor.” 

“We can do nothing so long as he holds 
the magic hammer,” growled one. 

“Let us steal the hammer from him,” shouted 
another. 

“Yes, steal the hammer! Steal the ham- 
mer!” shouted all the giants. And the very 
skies echoed with the words. 

“ And I will steal it,” bellowed Thrym, the 
strongest and greatest giant of them all. “ I 
will go at once to the city of Asgard. The 
gods are asleep. With my great eye I can 
even now see the hammer lying beside the 
sleeping Thor.” 

And so, turning himself into a great bird, 
Thrym spread his wings and flew across the 
sky to Asgard. The gods shivered in their 

Thrym i^trim) 



AMONG THE FROST GIANTS. 


116 


WORLD HISTORY. 


117 


sleep as he entered, but they did not know 
what had chilled them. 

In the morning there was a heavy frost 
upon the gateways and there was a chill in 
the air. This was because Thrym, the Frost 
Giant, had crept even into the hall in which 
the mighty Thor was sleeping. He had crept 
close up to the mighty god — and the magic 
hammer was gone ! 

“My hammer! My hammer!” thundered 
Thor, when he awoke and found it gone. 

“ What a crash of thunder !” cried the earth 
people ; but they did not know it was a cry of 
rage from Thor. 

“ Loki,” thundered Thor again, go to the 
home of the Frost Giants and bring back my 
hammer. Some one has stolen it ! ” 

Loki put on his magic wings and fled 


away. 


118 


WORLD HISTORY. 


“ What brings you here ? ” growled Thrym, 
as Loki alighted before him. 

“ I have come for the hammer you have 
stolen from Thor,” answered Loki boldly. 

“You will never find it,” sneered Thrym. “ It 
is well hidden ; but I will send it back to you if 
Odin will send Freya to live in my ice castle.” 

Loki begged and coaxed and threatened ; 
but it was all of no avail. “ Never,” roared 
Thrym, “ until you send Freya to me.” 

Now Freya was the goddess of the harvest, 
and the F ost Giants hated her almost as much 
as they hated Baldur. Often they had tried to 
steal her away, but Thor always protected her 
with his hammer of magic. 

Loki hurried back to Asgard and told Thor 
what Thrym had said. How Thor laughed ! 

“ I will go,” said Thor at last. “ Bring me 
a dress. Hang a necklace around my neck. 

Ereya (fri'a) 


WORLD HISTORY. 


119 


Bind a veil about my head. The giants are 
as stupid as they are large ; and I will set 
forth in the name of Freya to meet the giant, 
Thrym.” 

Thor was quickly dressed, and he set forth 
across the sky in the chariot of the Sun God. 
How the thunder rolled ! How the lightnings 
flashed from the angry eyes of Thor! How 
he grumbled and rumbled ! 

But, by and by, the home of the Frost 
Giants was reached. 

“ Freya has come ! Freya has come ! ” bel- 
lowed Thrym. “ Come, come, everyone ! Let 
us feast! Come, come to the feast of Thrym 
and Freya ! ” 

The giants in all the mountains round about 
heard the call of Thrym, and soon the huge 
castle was filled with the guests. A great 
feast was held. But through it all Thor sat 


120 


WORLD HISTORY. 


silent and motionless. Indeed, he dared not 
move. He dared not speak lest the thunder 
burst forth from his lips, or the lightning 
shoot forth from his eyes. 

“Now lift the veil from Freya’s face,” bel- 
lowed Thrym. “ Let me see the eyes of 
Freya.” 

“ Not yet,” said Loki, coming forward; 
“ Freya’s veil must not be lifted until the ham- 
mer is placed in her hand.” 

“ Bring in the hammer! Bring in the ham- 
mer ! ” roared Thrym, full of loud, good humor. 

The hammer was brought and Thor seized 
upon it with his mighty hand. Then his 
thunder began to rumble. There was a dan- 
gerous light in his eyes, but Thrym and the 
guests did not see it Then Thor sprang from 
his seat with a rumble and a roar that shook 
the mountains. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


121 


He poured his lightnings upon the Giants, 
? one and all. Right and left he swung the 
mighty hammer, till the giants quaked and 
trembled with terror. Thrym himself ran and 
hid behind a mountain, for the air was white 
with lightning. The hills rang with the crash- 
ing of the thunder. The seas lashed and 
foamed. The very mountains shook and 
trembled. 

And now Thor called to the chariot of the 
Sun God, and into it he and Loki leaped. 

In this chariot they sped back to the city of 
the gods, and never again did the Frost 
Giants try to steal the magic hammer of the 
mighty Thor. 










STORMS AT SEA. 

THE STORY OF yEOLUS, NEPTUNE, AND 
ULYSSES. 

The country of Greece was almost wholly 
surrounded by the sea. For this reason, the 
Greeks were very familiar with the coming 
and going of ocean storms. 

They saw that the tides rise and fall. They 
saw the waters froth and foam. Surely then, 

iEolus fe'o-lus) 

Neptune(nep'tun), Roman ; called by the Greeks Poseidon (po-Edon) 

Ulysses (u-lis'ez), Roman; called by the Greeks Odysseus (o-dis'us) 


123 


124 


WORLD HISTORY. 


there must be a sea god somewhere beneath 
the waters. 

So here is a story of old Neptune, the god 
who ruled the waters of the great ocean : — 

In a coral cave, far down below the waters of 
the sea, lived Neptune, the Sea God. To Nep- 
tune was given all power over the waters. He 
could command them to be quiet and gentle, or 
he could lash them into wicked, frothing waves. 

Sometimes Hiolus, the Wind Keeper, and 
Neptune, the Sea God, would work together 
and make a terrible storm. 

Sometimes Neptune would command Hiolus 
to call his winds home and keep them impris- 
oned in their cave. Sometimes ^Eolus would 
refuse to send out the winds to assist Neptune 
in his storm making. 

Now, once upon a time, there was a great 
war between the Greeks and the Trojans. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


125 


In this war the gods themselves took part. 
Some of them fought on one side, some on the 
other. 

Vulcan, who was the god of fire, was very 
busy making strong armor for the terrible 
battle that was sure to take place. His work- 
shop was beneath the earth and the volcanoes 
were his forges. How the volcanoes puffed 
and blazed in these days before the war. 
Often the sky at night was red with the reflec- 
tion of the flames that shot forth. 

“Vulcan is at work” the Greeks would say 
when they saw the light from the volcanoes. 

In this war, the Greeks were victorious, and 
Ulysses, one of the greatest of Greek heroes, 
set sail for home. A long, long voyage lay 
before him, but Ulysses was brave and his ships 
were strong. “If Neptune will be friendly to us,” 
said Ulysses, “we shall reach home in safety.” 


126 


WORLD HISTORY. 


But Neptune was not friendly. Hardly had 
the ships started when the Sea God sent out a 
terrible storm. The winds blew, the waves 
rose high, and the little fleet was driven hither 
and thither. It drifted close upon the rocky 
shores of an island where a huge giant tended 
his flocks. This giant watched with his one 
great eye for any ships that might come too 
near his shore. 

When the sun rose, Ulysses saw on the shore 
before him a great black cave. Tall trees 
stood before it. Over it clustered heavy vines. 
And near by large flocks of sheep lay sleeping 
on the hillsides. 

“ These are goodly sheep,” said the crew. 
“ Let us rest here and feast ourselves.” So 
they went on shore. 

As they looked, behold, a dark mountain 
seemed to raise itself, black against the sky. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


127 


Terrified, the crew stood trembling upon the 
shore. Then a great roar filled the air; the 
mountain shook itself, and there stood the ter- 
rible one-eyed giant. 

He meant to slay the men ; but they escaped 
and fled to their ships. Never was there so 
narrow an escape from cruel death. 

Again for days the little ship sailed bravely 
on. The sky was now fair, and the winds 
were favorable. Old Neptune seemed to have 
forgotten his cruel designs upon Ulysses and 
his weary crew. 

But Neptune had not forgotten ; and, by and 
by, he guided the ships to a great island of rock. 

“ Who dwells upon this island ? ” shouted 
Ulysses, as he drew near. 

And a voice answered, “Hiolus, the Keeper 
of the Winds, dwells here. With me are my 
six strong sons and my six strong daughters,, 


J 28 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Bring thy vessel close upon my shores, and 
come and dwell with me ; for I welcome all 
strangers to my island.” 

Very glad were Ulysses and his men to hear 
this welcome, and straightway the vessel was 
driven ashore. 

For four long weeks the men rested on the 
island, and were feasted by King ^Eolus. But 
at the end of the fourth week, Ulysses bade 
farewell to his kind host, and the little crew 
set forth upon the sea. 

King ^Eolus loaded the little vessel with 
many gifts. But rarest of them all was the 
gift of a bag of winds. ^Eolus knew that his 
guests longed for clear weather and fair sail- 
ing. Therefore he had fastened into a great 
bag, tied with a strong silver cord, all the 
winds except the soft west wind. This bag 
he had given into the keeping of Ulysses. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


129 


“ Guard well this bag until you are safe on 
shore,” he said to Ulysses; “for in it I have 
imprisoned the cruel winds. The kind west 
wind alone shall guide you toward your home.” 

Ulysses prized this gift highly and allowed 
no one of the crew to come near it. TJie 
promise of ^Eolus proved true. So true that, 
at the end of nine days only, the shores of 
Greece lay full in sight. 

“Now,” sighed Ulysses, “our troubles are 
at an end. The rising of to-morrow’s sun 
shall see our little vessel lying in our harbor.” 

But alas for Ulysses’ hopes ! Not yet were 
the wishes of Neptune fulfilled. Not yet was 
the time come when Ulysses might rest in the 
peace and quiet of his home. So Neptune 
whispered jealousy and suspicion into the 
hearts of the companions of Ulysses. 

“Who is Ulysses,” they said, “that he 


130 


WORLD HISTORY, 


should hold a secret in which we have no part ? 
How are we to know what lies concealed in 
the great bag with the silver string? Let us 
open it and learn for ourselves. Surely we 
have shared his perils, and we have a right to 
share his treasures.” 

And so, while Ulysses slept, the men crept 
towards the bag and unfastened the silver 
cord. When, lo ! the imprisoned winds rushed 
forth like hissing serpents. 

They shrieked and howled among the sails. 
They lashed the water till it was white with 
foam. The great black clouds rose on every 
side, and there was a terrible storm upon the 
sea. 

The ship was driven far out to sea and 
upon foreign shores, and again Ulysses passed 
through great dangers. 

“Shall we never reach home?” said the men. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


131 


“ Never!” roared Neptune. But at last 
Zeus took pity upon Ulysses and his men and 
commanded Neptune to let the ship sail on in 
peace. 

Even Neptune was forced to obey, for Zeus 
was the greatest among all the gods. And so, 
after great sufferings, Ulysses reached his 
home in safety and was welcomed by his 
people as a great hero. 

This is the story the Greek people used to 
tell to their children whenever there was a 
great storm upon the sea. And often the 
children would look out across the waters 
hoping to catch a glimpse of the fierce old 
Sea God. 








THE QUEEN OF NIGHT. 

THE STORY OF DIANA, ENDYMION, AND 
ACTION. 

Nothing was more pure, so the Greek shep- 
herds thought, than the white moon and the 
soft light it shed. The story of Diana and 
Endymion was one of the most beautiful 
myths that the Greek people told to their 
children. 

One beautiful summer evening, Apollo’s 
sun chariot was sinking behind the red and 
purple clouds of the western sky. Over all 
the earth a soft light lay, and the hills were 
rosy in the sunset. 

On the hilltop stood Diana, the Goddess 


Diana (dl-an'a), Roman; called by the Greeks Artemis (ar'te-mis) 
Endymion (en-dim'i-on) Actaeon (ak-te'on) 133 


134 


WORLD HISTORY. 


of the Moon. And from her high place she 
looked down upon the plain and far out upon 
the sea. 

The whole earth was very beautiful as it lay 
at the feet of the Goddess of the Moon. 

In the valley sparkled a little lake of pure, 
still water. Beside the lake stood a temple of 
whitest marble, with steps which shone in the 
light of the setting sun. On the marble steps 
lay a youth. He was more beautiful, so the 
Goddess of the Moon thought, than hill, or 
lake, or river, or sea. 

This youth was Endymion. and he loved to 
dwell in this quiet valley. No cold winds 
could enter there, and cruel storms never 
gathered. 

There upon the pure, white marble, Endym- 
ion lay, watching the clouds in the sky above. 

The Moon waited until Apollo had sunk 


WORLD HISTORY. 


135 


behind the hills. Then, bending over the 
youth, the white queen said, “ O Endymion ! 
beautiful youth, come away with me. Gladly 
would I dwell in this quiet valley by thy 
side; but I am Queen of Night. I must 
wander night after night across the sky even 
as the Sun God wanders across the sky by 
day. 

“ Come then, Endymion, and wander with 
me. The earth is large ; and thou dost not 
dream how beautiful it is outside thine own 
peaceful valley. Come with me and I will 
show thee valleys that are even more beauti- 
ful, and waters that are more radiant, sparkling 
in the sunset glory.” 

But Endymion turned his eyes away and 
murmured softly, “ No, no, O thou beautiful, 
white Queen of Night! Thou canst not stay 
in my peaceful valley; neither can I wander 


136 


WORLD HISTORY. 


in the heavens. Zeus commands us both ; we 
must obey.” 

Already the sunset glory was fading. Dark- 
ness was creeping over the land, and the sky 
called to the Goddess of the Moon to spread 
her soft white light over the sleeping earth. 

“ I must leave thee now, Endymion,” whis- 
pered the Goddess of the Moon. “ Alas, thou 
wilt not come with me — I cannot dwell with 
thee.” 

Then the Goddess of the Moon stooped and 
kissed the fair face of the beautiful youth and 
his eyes closed in sweet slumber. For she had 
caused a deep sleep to fall upon him — a sleep 
in which he dreamed bright dreams of the 
Goddess of the Moon. 

All night long Endymion slept — all night 
and all the day that followed. A spell had 
fallen upon the valley, and even the breezes 


WORLD HISTORY. 


137 


played more gently among the trees and 
flowers. There was no ripple on the lake. 
The birds forgot to sing ; and even the dragon- 
flies hummed sleepily through the summer 
air. 

And so Endymion has slept on from that day 
to this. And every night the Goddess of the 
Moon pauses upon the hilltop and looks down 
upon the fair youth, who sleeps forever upon 
the marble steps beside the silent lake. 

But sometimes Diana, the Goddess of the 
Moon, could be cruel, as the following story 
of Actaeon shows : — 

Actaeon, a great hunter, once said to his 
brothers, “ Come, the morning is fresh and fair. 
Let us away to the hunt; for on a morning 
like this the deer will come forth to drink 
from the clear waters of brook and river. 
Away, then, let us away.” 


188 


WORLD HISTORY. 


Gladly the youths obeyed the call of their 
brother ; and, gathering their bows and arrows, 
away they hurried across the plain. 

But alas for the joyous youths ! As they 
ran through the forest, they came upon the 
beautiful Diana. She stood with her maidens 
beside the secret fountain that poured its 
silver waters forth from a great, dark rock. 

“ O beautiful Diana!” cried Actaeon, coming 
towards the fountain. But it was not the 
wish of the goddess that Actaeon should know 
where she dwelt. She was angry that he 
should learn where she concealed her moon- 
light glory through the long days and nights, 
when she chose to hide herself from the sight 
of the earth children. 

A flash of angry light came into her eyes 
and she raised her white arm as if to smite 
Actaeon to the ground. “ Go away,” she said ; 


WORLD HISTORY. 


139 


“go, but dare not tell that thou hast found the 
cave wherein Diana dwells !” 

Actaeon was grieved that he should have 
aroused the anger of the goddess, for he had 
great love and admiration for her. He bowed 
his head ; but as he did so, behold, great horns, 
like those of a stag, were branching far above 
his head. And as he gazed at his reflection in 
the waters, behold, his ears grew large and 
long. His face changed, and coarse brown 
hairs covered him from head to foot. He was 
changed into a deer. 

With a moan he turned and fled into the for- 
est. What should he do? How should he 
make known to his comrades the change that 
had come over him ? 

But already the clicking of his hoofs had 
caught the quick ear of his own hunting dogs. 
With a yelp the dogs started, raised their ears 


140 


WORLD HISTORY. 


and sniffed. Then with a bound they sprang 
forward. 

Actaeon heard the dogs coming. Already he 
could see their red tongues hanging from their 
frothing mouths. 

With a spring the youth bounded through 
the forest. If he could only reach his comrades 
perhaps he could make them understand. 

But no; the shouts of the huntsmen were 
added to the yelping and barking of the dogs. 

“ On, on !” they shouted. 

And the dogs, excited by the shouts and 
cries, ran faster and faster. Over hills, through 
valleys, on — on across the fields they flew — 
Actaeon and the huntsmen and the dogs. 

And now they were upon him. Worn out 
with the long chase, the poor youth fell to 
the ground, and the film of death gathered 
over his beautiful brown eyes. His compan- 


WORLD HISTORY. 


HI 


ions knelt beside him, praising the dogs for 
their speed and bravery. 

But Actaeon now knew nothing of the swift- 
ness of the dogs he had loved and had trained 
so carefully. Already his heart had ceased 
to beat, for he was dead. And so it was 
that the secret of the cave and the sparkling 
fountain was never discovered to the earth 
people who dwelt in Diana’s moonlit valleys. 




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THE STARS. 

THE STORY OF THE SEA NYMPH AND OF 
HERCULES. 

Now, in this beautiful, warm country of 
Southern Europe many of the shepherds lay 
upon the hillsides all night long, watching 
their flocks. 

Is it any wonder then that, as they looked 
up at the beautiful stars, they imagined that 
they saw pictures in the sky? And when they 
saw the pictures, is it any wonder that they 
began to build stories about them? 

For example, near the North Star you will 
find a group of stars which they imagined were 
arranged in the form of a little bear. Below 
this little bear is another group of stars ar- 
ranged in the form of a great bear. 

Hercules (her'ku-lez) , Roman ; called by the Greeks Heracles (her'a-klezj. 

143 


144 


WORLD HISTORY. 


This story of the two bears will give you 
an idea of the wonderful tales these early 
people could tell, and of the way chey fitted 
their stories to the star pictures. 



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One night, as some shepherds were watching 
the sky, one of them said, “ I see two bears in 
the sky I ” 



WORLD HISTORY. 


145 


“ It must be the beautiful Sea Nymph and 
her son !” said another. 

“What sea nymph, my father?” asked a 
little shepherd boy. Then the shepherd told 
this story to the little boy: 

“ Once, long, long ago, Jupiter fell in love 
with a beautiful sea nymph. He begged old 
Neptune to allow her to be carried up to his 
home on Mt. Olympus, but the Goddess 
Juno grew jealous of her, and made terrible 
threats. 

“Jupiter, fearing Juno might harm the 
beautiful sea nymph, changed her and her 
little son into bears and sent them into the 
deep woods so Juno could not find them, but 
she learned what Jupiter had done, and was 
determined to be revenged. Therefore she 
went to a certain goddess who was a mighty 
hunter, and asked her to find and shoot the 

Juno (jo'nd), Roman; called by the Greeks Hera (he'raj 



YOUNG HERCULES. 


146 


WORLD HISTORY. 


147 


bears. The hunter obeyed and the poor bears 
were killed. 

“Jupiter was angry indeed, but all he could 
do was to honor the poor sea nymph and her 
son by placing them in the sky.” 

Winding in and out between the bear stars 
are some stars arranged like those in the 
picture. These stars are supposed to form 
the dragon which was once slain by the great 
Hercules 

Now, when Hercules was a mere babe, and 
lay in his cradle by the sounding sea, there 
came up out of the deep waters two terrible 
serpents. They were cruel, venomous ser 
pents, and the poison of death was in their 
fangs. 

Swiftly and noiselessly they glided towards 
the cradle where the child slept. Up the 
sides of the cradle and over the top they crept. 


148 


WORLD HISTORY. 


But lo! the child raised himself from his 
pillow, stretched out his baby arms, and 
strangled the great slimy creatures. 

“Was there ever so wonderful a child?” 
said the people. “ Surely he is born to do 
wonderful things.” 

And indeed, this was true, for Hercules 
came to be one of the greatest of all Greek 
heroes. Little children in the ages after were 
taught to admire this great hero, and to try 
to be like him in heart and mind and courage. 

Now it happened that, as he grew up, he 
dwelt with a jealous cousin, who was king of 
the country. This king spared no pains to 
make the brave youth’s life unhappy. He 
wished to slay Hercules. So he sent him on 
twelve dangerous journeys, which were after- 
ward known as the Twelve Labors of Hercules. 

His greatest and most wonderful journey 


WORLD HISTORY. 


149 


was to the land where the golden apples of 
Juno grew. 

Now, many brave youths had gone in search 
of these golden apples, but the tree was 
guarded by a dragon so fierce that no one had 
ever dared to go near it. 

“I will find this tree,” said Hercules, “and I 
will kill this dragon and bring back the apples.” 

“ Many brave youths have said that,” thought 
the people ; “ but the dragon is very terrible to 
look upon.” 

“ I’m not afraid,” laughed Hercules. 

Up and down mountains Hercules travelled, 
over hills and plains, and across great rivers. 
At last he reached the land beyond the setting 
sun. 

“Where is the tree that bears the golden 
apples?” cried Hercules, seeing a great giant 
afar off. 


150 


WORLD HISTORY. 


“ Come across the sea, and I will tell you,” 
shouted the giant. 

“ I am coming,” shouted Hercules ; and with 
two or three great strides he crossed the water. 

“ What is this great, round ball you carry on 
your back?” asked Hercules, as he came near. 

“This great, round ball is the earth,” answered 
the giant. 

“ Then you must be the giant, Atlas,” cried 
Hercules. 

“ That is my name,” said the giant. 

“ I have heard of you,” answered Hercules, 
“ and I am glad to see you. There are 
many wonderful stories told of you in my 
country, and I have often wished I might 
see you.” 

“ Who are you, pray?” asked Atlas, shifting 
the earth over upon his other shoulder that he 
might look at his bold guest more easily. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


151 


“ I ? I am Hercules ! ” shouted our hero. 

“ Hercules ! Hercules ! Are you the Hercules 
who was so strong even when a baby ?” cried 
Atlas. “ Are you the Hercules who has per- 
formed the great labors? Indeed, young man, 
your fame has reached me even in this far-off 
land. But, brave as you are, you will never 
find the golden apples.” 

“Why not?” asked Hercules. 

“ Because,” answered Atlas, “ no one can 
enter that garden but me. If you will take 
this great ball upon your shoulders, however, 
I will go and get the apples for you. Indeed 
I shall be very glad of a little rest and change.” 

So Hercules took the earth upon his 
shoulders, and away Atlas ran towards the far- 
off garden. How heavy the earth grew ! And 
how it rolled back and forth from one shoulder 
to the other ! ” 


152 


WORLD HISTORY. 


“ O dear ! O dear ! ” cried the people on the 
earth. “ How the earth rocks and rolls ! 
There must be a terrible earthquake ! ” 

Soon Atlas returned, bearing in his hand 
three golden apples. “ Ha, ha, ha!” he laughed. 
“ How do you like to carry the earth?” 

“ Come and take it,” groaned Hercules. 

“ Oh, no,” laughed Atlas, “ I am not coming. 
Good-bye ! ” and away he ran up the hill-side. 

“Come back! shouted Hercules. “At least 
you might help me to put my lion skin across 
my shoulder so that the earth shall rest upon 
it more comfortably.” 

“ Oh, yes, I am willing to do that,” shouted 
Atlas, coming towards Hercules. 

Now Atlas was not very wise, and as he 
came near, Hercules rolled the earth back on 
to his shoulders. Then he seized the golden 
apples and flew away. 


WORLD HISTORY. 


153 


“ Such dreadful earthquakes as there have 
been," said the people to Hercules when he 
reached his home again. Whole cities were 
laid flat. But Hercules showed the golden 
apples and the people forgot all about their 
troubles. 

So passed the life of the great Greek hero. 
And when at length the time came for him to 
die, Jupiter came down from Olympus with 
his golden chariot of winged horses. He 
wrapped Hercules in a shining cloud, and bore 
him to the home of the gods. 

There in the skies you can see him now; 
and not far from him the Great Dragon which 
he overcame. 


154 


WORLD HISTORY. 


VOCABULARY. 


Greek 

Artemis (ar'te-mis) . 
Athene (a-the'ne) 

Demeter ^de-me'ter) . 

Hera (he'ra) 

Heracles (her'a-klez) . 
Hermes fher'mez) 

Leto (le'to) 

Odysseus (5-dis'us) . 
Perserphone (per-sef '5-ne ; 
Poseidon (po-sl'don) . 

Zeus (zus) . 


Roman 

Diana (dl-an a) 

Minerva (mi-ner'va) 
Ceres (se'rez) 

Juno (jo'no) 

Hercules (her'ku-lez) 
Mercury (mer'ku-ri) 
Latona (la-to'nil) 
Ulysses (u-lis'ez) 
Proserpine (pros'er-pin) 
Neptune (nep'tun) 
Jupiter (jo'pit-er) 


Actaeon (ak-te'on) 
iEolus (e'o-lus) 

Apollo (a-pol'o) 

Delos (de'los) 

Deucalion (du-ka'li-on) 
Endymion (en-dim'i-on) 
Epimetheus (ep-i-me'thus) 
Iris (i'ris) 

Niobe (nl'6-be) 

Pandora (pan-do'r£) 
Phaethon ( fa'e-thon) 

Pluto (plo'to) 


Prometheus (pr5-me'tlius) 
Pyrrha (pir-a) 

Norse. 

Asgard (as'gard) 

Baldur (bal'dor) 

Embla (em'bia) 

Freya (fri'a) 

Gnomes (nomes) 

Loki (lo'ke) 

Odin (o’din) 

Thrym (trim) 





BIRD LORE 


( Second and Third Grades ) 

Stories from Birdland 

By Annie Chase 

Vols. I. and II. Large Type Edition. Fully Illustrated 

Boards, 30 cents; Cloth, 40 cents 

The large type and many illustrations will be appreciated 
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( Fourth , Fifth and Sixth Grades ) 

Aunt May's Bird Talks 

By Mrs. F. M. Poyntz 
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The Story of Hiawatha 

FOR YOUNG READERS 

Colored Illustrations Boards, 30 cents 

This story differs from the usual presentation of Hiawatha 
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Your copy of the “ Story of Hiawatha ” has been received. 
It is in keeping with almost all your remarkable series of 
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See Page 21, Course of Study. 


Nature Stories f or Y oungest Readers 

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Boards, 30 cts. ; Cloth, 40 cts. 

Embellished with colored 
photographic illustrations. 

You are to be congratulated 
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Nature Stories for Youngest 
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the text, as good as it is. 

Henry T. Bailey, 

State Supervisor 
of Drawing , Mass. 

See Pages 78, 79, Course of 
Study. 



Physiology 


The Man Wonderful 

Or The Marvels of 
Our Bodily Dwelling 

By MARY WOOD-ALLEN, M.D. 

National Superintendent of the Purity Department, Woman’s 
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Illus. Cloth. Price, $i.oo. 

“ It gives me pleasure to note that the book, both by its 
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The author’s method would make knowledge invigorate and 
mature the judgment and not burden the memory, and this is 
the germinal idea in all sound education.” — Geo. E. Seymour. 
Professor of History , High School, St. Louis, Mo. 



geography 

(• Reference Book) 

Children of the World 

Their Homes, Their Schools, Their Playgrounds 


Fully illustrated. 254 pages. Small qto. Cloth, $1.00 


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LLFe'24 




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